Tax Expenditures and Budgetary Impact

This specialized course focuses on **tax expenditures**—revenue losses attributable to provisions of the tax code that provide special exclusions, exemptions, deductions, or credits. These provisions are effectively subsidies delivered through the tax system. The course will cover the definition, measurement, and reporting of tax expenditures, treating them as equivalent to direct spending programs. Participants will learn how to conduct rigorous cost-benefit analysis of these 'hidden' subsidies and assess their true budgetary, economic, and social impact, thereby promoting greater fiscal transparency and accountability.