This specialized course focuses on the critical processes involved in treating water for injection into oil reservoirs to maintain pressure, sweep oil, and enhance overall recovery (EOR). The quality of the injected water directly impacts reservoir injectivity and production uptime, making effective treatment paramount. Participants will learn about the challenges posed by source water (e.g., seawater, produced water) and master the technologies needed to remove dissolved oxygen, suspended solids, and bacteria. The program provides detailed instruction on filtration, deaeration, chemical inhibition, and system monitoring, ensuring attendees can design, operate, and troubleshoot high-performance water injection facilities to maximize oil recovery and prevent reservoir damage.
Introduction
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, participants will be able to:
- Analyze source water quality and determine the appropriate treatment scheme for injection.
- Design and optimize filtration systems to meet stringent injectivity specifications.
- Select and manage effective deaeration and oxygen scavenging processes to prevent corrosion.
- Implement chemical programs for scale, corrosion, and biological growth (SRBs) control.
- Understand the impact of suspended solids and oil carry-over on near-wellbore formation damage.
- Troubleshoot common operational issues in injection water treatment plants.
- Apply best practices for monitoring water quality and injection well performance.
- Evaluate the benefits and challenges of using produced water for re-injection (PWRI).
- Determine the critical water quality parameters (MFI, DO, TSS) and their control limits.
Target Audience
- Reservoir and Production Engineers
- Water Treatment and Injection System Operators
- Facilities and Process Engineers
- Chemical Treatment Specialists
- Corrosion and Integrity Engineers
- Field Supervisors responsible for EOR operations
- Drilling and Completion Engineers involved in well selection
Methodology
- Group exercises on designing a complete water injection treatment train.
- Case studies of major injection well impairment and mitigation strategies.
- Individual calculations for chemical dosing and filter sizing.
- Discussions on best practices for SRB and DO control.
- Scenario-based troubleshooting of a failing injection system and well cleanout.
Personal Impact
- Specialized expertise in designing and operating high-integrity injection facilities.
- Improved capability to maintain stable reservoir pressure and maximize oil sweep.
- Mastery of chemical selection for corrosion, scale, and microbial control.
- Enhanced diagnostic skills for injection water quality and well performance.
- Contribution to long-term reservoir management and EOR success.
- Advanced knowledge of environmental and regulatory compliance for injection.
Organizational Impact
- Maximized oil recovery and prolonged field life through effective pressure support.
- Reduced operational costs by preventing injection well impairment and formation damage.
- Extended lifespan of pipelines and equipment through effective corrosion control.
- Ensured regulatory compliance for water disposal and reuse.
- Lower maintenance costs and reduced downtime for injection facilities.
- Improved HSE performance by minimizing the handling of disposal water.
Course Outline
Unit 1: Injection Water Quality and Requirements
Section 1: Water Sources and Injectivity- The role of water injection in pressure maintenance and Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
- Sourcing injection water: seawater, aquifer, or produced water (PWRI)
- Types of injectivity impairment: solids, scale, biological, and compatibility
- Critical water quality parameters: MFI (Modified Fouling Index), TSS, OIW
Unit 2: Solids and Oil Removal Technologies
Section 1: Primary Filtration and Separation- Design and operation of media filtration (sand, multimedia) for bulk solids removal
- Operation and optimization of hydrocyclones and IGF for oil removal
- Cartridge and pre-coat filtration for fine polishing and meeting MFI targets
- Backwashing and filter maintenance protocols and best practices
Unit 3: Dissolved Gas and Chemical Control
Section 1: Deaeration and DO Control- Understanding the impact of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) on corrosion and wellbore plugging
- Design and operation of vacuum and gas stripping deaerators
- Selection and injection of oxygen scavengers and reaction kinetics
- DO monitoring, control limits, and regulatory compliance
- Chemical treatment for scale inhibition (e.g., squeeze treatments, continuous injection)
- Control of Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRBs) using biocides and monitoring techniques
- Monitoring and managing biocide effectiveness and rotation strategies
- Water compatibility testing and the risk of mineral precipitation in the reservoir
Unit 4: Water Injection Systems and Integrity
Section 1: System Operation and Monitoring- Surface equipment: injection pumps, manifolds, and flow control systems
- Monitoring injectivity, pressure trends, and well impairment diagnosis
- Corrosion monitoring and integrity management in injection lines and downhole
- System integrity, leak detection, and regulatory requirements for high-pressure injection
Unit 5: Produced Water Re-injection (PWRI)
Section 1: PWRI Challenges and Treatment- Specific challenges of re-injecting produced water (PW): O/W, solids, and dissolved components
- Advanced treatment technologies for PW for reuse (e.g., membrane filtration, de-oiling)
- Regulatory and environmental considerations for disposal and reuse of PW
- Case studies and economic analysis of PWRI implementation
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