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Liquidity Risk Management (LCR, NSFR) and Central Banks

Central Banking and Monetary Policy November 30, 2025
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Introduction

Effective liquidity risk management is fundamental to bank resilience and financial stability, especially following the lessons of the 2008 financial crisis. This course provides a detailed, practical examination of the international liquidity standards—the **Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR)** and the **Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR)**—mandated under Basel III. Participants will learn the intricate details of calculating these ratios, the characteristics of High-Quality Liquid Assets (HQLA), and the strategic role of central banks as liquidity providers. The course integrates regulatory compliance with a deep understanding of internal liquidity risk frameworks, stress testing, and the critical relationship between bank funding and central bank facilities.

Objectives

Upon completion of this program, participants will be able to:

  • Define and categorize the various types of liquidity risk (funding, market, idiosyncratic, systemic).
  • Calculate and interpret the **Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR)** and its components (HQLA, net cash outflows).
  • Calculate and interpret the **Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR)** and its stable funding requirements.
  • Identify and evaluate assets that qualify as High-Quality Liquid Assets (**HQLA**) and their haircuts.
  • Analyze the role of central bank facilities and deposit insurance in a bank's liquidity management strategy.
  • Develop and execute effective internal liquidity stress testing and contingency funding plans.
  • Understand the regulatory reporting requirements and supervisory expectations for the LCR and NSFR.
  • Formulate a strategic liquidity risk management framework that optimizes funding sources and HQLA usage.

Target Audience

  • Bank Liquidity and Asset-Liability Management (ALM) Professionals
  • Central Bank Supervisors and Financial Stability Analysts
  • Bank Treasury and Funding Desk Managers
  • Regulatory Reporting and Compliance Officers
  • Internal Auditors specializing in Liquidity Risk
  • Academics and Consultants in Bank Risk Management

Methodology

LCR/NSFR calculation workshops (Excel), Case studies on historical bank funding crises, Group project on drafting a Contingency Funding Plan (CFP), Technical deep dives into HQLA and run-off modeling, Policy debates on the HQLA definition, Simulation of central bank facility usage.

Personal Impact

  • Master the technical calculation and strategic implications of the LCR and NSFR.
  • Acquire specialized knowledge in HQLA management and optimization.
  • Enhance analytical skills for internal liquidity stress testing and risk measurement.
  • Gain proficiency in the central bank's role in liquidity provision and collateral policy.
  • Improve career prospects in treasury, ALM, and regulatory risk management.
  • Be able to contribute to the robust liquidity defense of the organization.

Organizational Impact

  • Ensure accurate and continuous compliance with LCR and NSFR regulatory standards.
  • Improve the resilience of the bank's funding profile and reduce reliance on volatile wholesale markets.
  • Optimize the size and composition of the HQLA buffer, reducing holding costs.
  • Strengthen the internal liquidity risk framework and Contingency Funding Plan.
  • Facilitate better communication with supervisors on liquidity risk strategy.
  • Ensure efficient access to central bank facilities during periods of market stress.

Course Outline

Unit 1: Foundations of Liquidity Risk

Section 1: Risk Types and Framework
  • Definition of liquidity risk: funding risk (liability side) and market liquidity risk (asset side).
  • The three-line-of-defense model for internal liquidity risk management.
  • Liquidity risk governance: roles of the board, ALCO, and treasury.
  • The importance of the **Contingency Funding Plan (CFP)**.
Section 2: Internal Stress Testing
  • Designing severe-but-plausible stress scenarios for liquidity risk.
  • Modeling run-off rates for different deposit types and asset market liquidity conditions.
  • Integrating stress test results into regulatory ratios and internal limits.
  • The use of reverse stress testing to challenge assumptions.

Unit 2: The Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR)

Section 1: HQLA and the Numerator
  • Defining High-Quality Liquid Assets (**HQLA**) and the three levels (Level 1, 2A, 2B).
  • Criteria for HQLA inclusion (e.g., market depth, price resilience).
  • The application of supervisory haircuts to HQLA and concentration limits.
  • The operational challenge of managing and mobilizing the HQLA portfolio.
Section 2: Net Cash Outflows and the Denominator
  • Regulatory assumptions for cash outflows (e.g., retail deposit run-off, wholesale funding loss).
  • Regulatory assumptions for cash inflows (e.g., loan repayments, committed facilities).
  • Treatment of collateral needs (e.g., margin calls) and off-balance sheet obligations.
  • Calculating the LCR and strategies for maintaining compliance.

Unit 3: The Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR)

Section 1: Available Stable Funding (ASF)
  • The objective of the NSFR: promoting resilient, long-term funding structures.
  • Defining **Available Stable Funding (ASF)** and its components (capital, stable deposits).
  • Calculation of the ASF factor for various liability categories.
  • Strategies for optimizing long-term funding and deposit mix.
Section 2: Required Stable Funding (RSF)
  • Defining **Required Stable Funding (RSF)** and its calculation for asset classes and off-balance sheet items.
  • RSF factor application based on asset liquidity and remaining maturity.
  • Regulatory treatment of derivatives, securities financing transactions, and unencumbered assets.
  • Calculating the NSFR and analyzing its strategic implications for business models.

Unit 4: Central Banks and Liquidity Provision

Section 1: Central Bank Facilities
  • The role of the central bank as the ultimate liquidity backstop (LOLR).
  • The use of standing facilities (e.g., marginal lending) for intraday and overnight liquidity.
  • Collateral eligibility and haircut requirements for central bank funding.
  • The operational interface between the bank's treasury and the central bank's market operations desk.

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Upcoming Sessions

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Cambridge

February 23, 2026 - February 27, 2026

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London

March 16, 2026 - March 20, 2026

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Kuala Lumpur

April 20, 2026 - April 24, 2026

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